Compression Speed and Efficiency
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Different programs utilize different compression algorithms and have different compression settings to choose from. Some programs or settings prioritize speed—how quickly compression can be completed—while others sacrifice speed to focus on achieving a smaller file size.
Compression efficiency is also affected by file types. Text files can be compressed considerably, for example, but multimedia files, like MP3s or AVIs, may already be in a compressed state, meaning further compression may decrease folder or file size only slightly.
Utilizing different and more efficient algorithms sometimes calls for a change in file extension. For example, the program 7-Zip can use LZMA and LZMA2 compression algorithms, which result in a '.7z' file extension. These algorithms are much better at compressing files than the default ZIP method, which is fast but uses older and less efficient DEFLATE compression. However, the file extensions required for newer compression methods, which are not supported in any operating system by default, mean you may sacrifice accessibility when using them to share files. Likewise, RAR is better at compression than ZIP, but it, too, requires other software prior to use, even for simple data extraction/decompression.
In deciding which compression method to use, you should figure out which features you need most: speed, efficiency, accessibility, security, etc.
Compression Example
Igor Pavlov, the Russian developer of 7-Zip, has stated that the standard ZIP format is inferior to RAR and ZIP files created in 7-Zip. Though a lot does come down to the file types being compressed, RAR and 7-Zip's ZIP archives compress data as much as 30 to 40% better than standard ZIP.
Pavlov proved this by compressing an installation of Google Earth 3.0.0616. Before compression, Google Earth was 23.5 MB in size. Standard ZIP compressed this by 62%, while RAR achieved 71% compression and 7-Zip reached 76% compression.
Security
A program is required to secure ZIP and RAR files with a password. RAR files require WinRAR for compression in the first place, and WinRAR has password encryption settings you can use. Meanwhile, ZIP's default support in operating systems does not come with password protection settings in recent years; programs like 7-Zip or WinZip are required.
How secure the password protection on a ZIP or RAR file is depends partly on the program used to protect it. WinRAR uses an AES-128-bit encryption, but 7-Zip uses the more secure AES-256. This means that a password-protected ZIP file created in 7-Zip would take longer to crack than a RAR file created in WinRAR.
A lot of security comes down to password quality, though, too. Simple, one-word passwords that might be found in an English dictionary are very insecure and prone to brute-force attacks, regardless of your ZIP or RAR's encryption algorithms.
A ZIP or RAR with AES-128 encryption or better that has a good password would probably take years for supercomputers to crack. At present, there is no known attack that works well in such a scenario.
Programs
As the most popular archive file format, ZIP is not only built into most operating systems, but also recognized or improved upon by many other programs, like 7-Zip or IZArc, which are both freeware, and WinZip, which is shareware.
The following video explains how to create a ZIP file using both Windows' built-in support and the program 7-Zip:
Eugene Roshal, a Russian software engineer, is the developer of the RAR archive format and the owner of the WinRAR software. He has licensed the use of RAR decompression to many other programs outside of his WinRAR program (e.g., 7-Zip and WinZip) with the agreement that his work not be reverse engineered, but only WinRAR can compress data into a RAR file. As shareware, WinRAR has a free 40-day trial and costs $29.00 thereafter.
This next video talks about WinRAR and how to use it to compress and extract data:
Freeware and Shareware
The following is a list of popular compression programs that recognize ZIP and RAR in some capacity.
- 7-Zip (Open Source Freeware for Windows)
- IZArc (Ad-Supported Freeware for Windows)
- PeaZip (Open Source Freeware for Windows and Linux)
- The Unarchiver (Freeware for Mac OS X)
- WinRAR (Shareware for Windows)
- WinZip (Shareware for Windows and Mac OS X)
References
Features
Similarities and Differences
JPEGs and PNGs are similar in several ways. They support comparable levels of color depth and carry support for metadata, interlacing, and color management. Neither format supports animation, layers, or HDR.
Separating the two is the fact that PNGs support image transparency, while JPEGs do not. Moreover, color indexing is available for 1-8bit PNGs but is not supported at all in JPEG.
Other Versions of JPEG and PNG
There are many lesser-known alternate versions of JPEG and PNG. For example, JPEGs do not support HDR, but there is an unofficial JPEG-HDR. There are even lossless JPEG formats. And though PNGs do not support animations like GIFs do, there is APNG, a nonstandard offshoot of PNG that allow animation.
The trouble with using lesser-known versions of JPEG and PNG comes down to support. Not all browsers will properly display all image formats (e.g., Firefox supports APNG, but Internet Explorer does not, and Chrome requires an extension). In most all cases, designers should stick to well-supported defaults to avoid harming user experience.
Uses
Photography
DSLRcameras usually allow photographers to store their images in a few different graphic file formats, namely RAW, JPEG, and occasionally TIFF. Though JPEGs have the advantage of a smaller file size, they are lossy, leading proamateur and professional photographers to prefer the TIFF or RAW formats for their lossless or high-quality lossy compression.
In post-production, photographers can adjust RAW image data and then save to a new, lossless (but more accessible) file format, such as PNG. File format matters, as most printing services will accept JPEGs and PNGs—and sometimes TIFF—but only some printing services will work with RAW images.
Jpg To Rar Converter
Web
Most websites use a combination of JPEGs and PNGs (and sometimes GIFs) in their designs, as JPEGs and PNGs are used for different reasons. In most cases, JPEGs are used for large images, like photos or big, graphic-heavy website backgrounds, as JPEG's lossy nature allows for smaller file sizes, meaning websites can load designs faster. Design software like Adobe Photoshop has tools that can tell designers how large a file will be when using a certain format and adjusting its settings, before they even save the image. Though PNGs will never result in a smaller file size than JPEGs will when it comes to large images with complex scenes, PNG's lossless compression does sometimes result in a smaller file size for smaller images, particularly those that have computer generated graphics (e.g., a line or square drawn in Photoshop).
Where PNGs are most frequently used is with small images, like web icons, where the lossless compression ensures crisp, clear imagery; PNGs are also used when a transparent background is needed to surround a central image (e.g., when using sprites).
How To Convert Cr2 To Jpeg
Compression
JPEG and PNG use completely different compression methods. JPEG uses a DCT-based lossy compression method that sacrifices quality in favor of smaller file sizes. PNG prioritizes quality and uses the lossless DEFLATE compression algorithm. JPEG's file size can be cut down by adjusting an image's quality percentage during saving, while PNG's file size is less easily adjusted and usually requires a separate program to further compress the image.
Watch the following video to learn how different compression methods affect file size, color depth, and image loading in JPEGs and PNGs.
Because they are lossy, JPEGs should not be edited and resaved multiple times, as this will result in severe image degradation (saving in a single session without closing the file between saves is fine, however). JPEGs that have been resaved many times become pixelated and do not display colors accurately. In contrast, PNGs can be saved and resaved without losing quality. This video shows this generation loss over the course of 600 saves.
Popularity
With universal browser support for PNG transparency in the last several years, PNGs have grown in popularity, particularly for certain web design elements. However, the vast majority of the trillions of images on the internet, many of which are photos or art, are still JPEGs, and this is not likely to change any time soon.
Patent Status
Numerous companies, including many patent trolls, have claimed to have patents on one form of JPEG technology or another. This has led to numerous lawsuits over the years, with the most recent occurring in 2013 when a company by the name of Princeton Digital Image Corporation sued dozens of big-name companies, including the likes of Amazon, Netflix, and Costco, for using JPEG images on their websites. Patenting of compression methods is the primary reason a lossless JPEG has never become popular. Few want to support or use such a JPEG for fear of being sued.
PNG was developed to replace GIF, which uses a compression method that was previously patented by Unisys. PNGs use a compression method, DEFLATE, that is not patented, thus eliminating the fear of patent infringement.
How To Convert Jpg To Rar
References
